Kartagener syndrome		Autosomal recessive syndrome consisting of situs inversus totalis, dextrocardia and defect of ciliary motility leading to sinusitis, bronchiectasis and sperm immobility. (Kartegener M. Zur Pathogenese der Bronchiektasien: Bronchiektasien bei Situs viscerum inversus. Beitr Klink Tuberkul 1933;28:231-234.) (Kartagener M et al. Bronchiectasis with situs inversus. Arch Pediatr 1962;79:193-196.) (Miller RD et al. Kartagener’s syndrome. Chest 1972;62:130-136.)
Kommerell		see diverticulum of Kommerell.
Konno procedure (operation)		Repair of tunnel-like subvalvar LVOTO by aorto-ventriculoplasty. The operation involves enlargement of the LV outflow tract by inserting a patch in the ventricular septum, as well as aortic valve replacement and enlargement of the aortic annulus and ascending aorta. (Konno S, et al. A new method for prosthetic valve replacement in congenital aortic stenosis associated with hypoplasia of the aortic valve ring. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1975;70:909-917.). In severe forms of LVOTO, a prosthetic-valve-containing conduit may be inserted between the left ventricular apex and descending aorta. (Didonato RM, et al. Left ventricular-aortic conduits in paediatric patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1984;88:82-91.) (Frommelt PC, et al. Natural history of apical left ventricular to aortic conduits in paediatric patients. Circulation 1991;84(suppl III):213-218.)